These remarkable saltwater fish boast vibrant scales that range from yellow hues to deep amber tones – but they’re not just beautiful. Related Articles: Damn Good Tips And Tricks for Catching a Red Snapper FishĬubera Snappers are a sight to behold and can be found in Costa Rican waters, where their natural beauty is carefully preserved by careful conservation. It also happens to be one of the largest members of its family and can oftentimes be confused for another variety – hence why you must check out their vomerine tooth patch before making any assumptions this area takes on a triangular shape as opposed to what would otherwise appear like an anchor for grey snappers! Additionally, noteworthy features include large mouths and long pectoral fins accented with seamless dorsal fin ridges from head to tail. This unique beast displays a grayish-green hue with hints of deep purple that becomes more apparent in younger specimens. With its fiercely-red eyes, the cubera snapper is an unmistakable fish species. Related Articles: The Most Popular Types Of Snapper Fish In Florida How to identify Cubera Snapper Trying your luck at catching this titan requires strong will and smarts – whether on land or sea with kayak or boat – yet promises a great reward in both pride and meat! Growing up to 100 pounds and roaming around reefs near structures make it an incredibly formidable opponent for even the most veteran anglers. The Cubera Snapper, otherwise known as the Dogtooth Snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus), is a beast of its kind. SmartDeblur Pro Activation Code What is a Cubera Snapper? 6 Best Methods for Cubera Snapper Fishing.
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It has been reported that although the antimicrobial action of silver nanoparticles may share many of the same mechanisms as ionic silver, silver nanoparticles have a much higher antimicrobial efficacy. If the antimicrobial properties are as a result of Ag + ions or free radicals on the surface of silver nanoparticles, it would suggest that each particle acts as a reservoir of antimicrobial elements that can be released gradually. One report has determined that free radicals are released from the surface of silver nanoparticles and, after comparing the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles with samples also containing an antioxidant to eliminate free radicals, concluded that they may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity ( Kim et al., 2007). It has also been reported that the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles are actually attributed to Ag + ions that are adsorbed on to the surface of the particles owing to their high oxidation reactivity ( Morones et al., 2005 Lok et al., 2007). This observation was found to correlate with bacterial cell death, which was suggested to be as a result of nanoparticles interacting with the sulfur-containing proteins within the bacteria, causing membrane permeability and damage to their DNA ( Morones et al., 2005 sondi and Salopek-Sondi, 2004). The mechanism of this action has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based techniques, which found that silver nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm can attach to and penetrate the cell membranes of Escherichia coli, a common gram-negative bacterium ( Morones et al., 2005 sondi and Salopek-Sondi, 2004). In addition to ionic and nanocrystalline silver, metallic silver nanoparticles have also been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. Su, in Electrospinning for Tissue Regeneration, 2011 Silver nanoparticles Amorphous and polycrystalline hydroxyapatite and doped polycrystalline layers were non-toxic, while silver-doped amorphous HA layers were mildly toxic from1.2 at.% Ag ( Jelinek et al., 2013b). Crystallinity was not found to have any effect on antibacterial efficacy. An antibacterial efficacy of 100% was observed for silver-doped HA layers of 8.3 and 13.7 at.% Ag concentration. For Gram negative bacteria the efficacy changed from 3.9% to 100% after silver dopation. The Ag + HA layers, with 4.4%, 8.3% and 13.7% of Ag, exhibited excellent antibacterial ability. In biological tests it was found that for Gram positive bacteria silver dopation raised the antibacterial efficacy from 71% to 99.9%. We observed a distinct difference between the Young’s modulus Y and hardness H of amorphous HA and Ag + HA films on the one hand and the polycrystalline equivalents on the other, as well as a decrease in Y and H with silver dopation. Distribution of Ag (a), Ca (b), P (c) elements in Ag + HA layer (SEM magnification 1500 ×, 10 micrometer scale, 4.4 at.% Ag). It is an interesting proposal, assuming users that spend most of their time on the web really only need a web browser on their computer. In another interesting twist a few months ago, Google Chrome OS was announced. In order to compete in the future, developers will have to create engrossing Web 3.0 sites, and Canvas is the answer. Additionally, web site visitors don't want to wait for applets to load and developers don't want the hassles associated with them. Take CSS for instance, if website publishers are given a choice between using CSS or some other 3rd party plugin to organize their HTML pages, the resounding answer would be CSS. The reasoning is that it is a native browser technology, and users will be likely to choose it over cumbersome 3rd party plugins. While it is true that the internet is a continuously morphing environment, this author is confident that Canvas technology will be running the websites of the future. One issue is with competing technologies, such as applets, other multimedia plugins and those technologies not yet developed. The community continues to push for more robust Canvas features and there has been significant progress and the technology is entirely capable of supporting 2D graphical scientific applications. Over the past year, they have seen the Canvas technology develop and have investigated many of its shortcomings. Rich Apodaca continues to be at the forefront of emerging web technologies and provides insight on their impact to the sciences, including javascript/Canvas, on his blog Depth-First. Expect this technology to allow for quick and engrossing graphics without the need for fully installed applications on the desktop. Brad Larson at Sunset Lake Software mastered the technology to create the impressive Molecules app on the iPhone. While OpenGL ES (OpenGL for Embedded Systems) is only a subset of OpenGL, it has proven to be quite effective in producing great 3D molecular graphics on non-desktop platforms. Imagine advanced quantum computations with beautiful output, wide-spread open source simulation packages, and functional molecular modelers all optimized for the web and easily integrated into Web 3.0 sites! We will be developing 3D ChemDoodle Web Components as soon as WebGL is adopted by the browsers, and we aim to provide the funding, development and support for this open source package that the community requires. We will soon be able to develop fully native web applications with 2D and 3D graphical user interfaces completely in javascript for web browsers. WebGL opens new possibilities for the Canvas element, and I quote the best explanation I've seen so far, "The goal of WebGL is to expose the low-level OpenGL ES 2.0 APIs through JavaScript so that they can be used to draw hardware-accelerated 3D graphics in the HTML Canvas element" ( source). Some readers may already be very familiar with WebKit, as it is the open source browser engine that runs Safari. Only a couple days ago, WebGL (complete with a very impressive video!) was quietly introduced into the nightly build of WebKit. The Canvas element, as currently implemented, allows for only 2D graphics.
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